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What Workers Need to Know About Group Life Insurance

Voluntary group life insurance is offered to employees as an optional benefit, and often employers will pay the small premium as an employee retention tool and to provide workers some peace of mind for their families.

There are various avenues for funding these group plans, and different underwriting criteria that can either reduce or increase the premium amounts.

The employer may cover the premium directly, or employees may share in the premium burden through payroll deductions after tax. In most cases, life insurance face amounts will vary from policy to policy and will usually be based in part on each employee’s base salary.

Taxation

Employers often provide group term life insurance to their employees at no cost to the individual, usually with a benefit equal to a percentage of base salary. 

Internal Revenue Code Section 79 governs the taxation of this employer-provided life insurance. An employee can receive up to $50,000 worth of coverage tax-free. 

The cost of any insurance above $50,000, less any amount paid for the insurance by the employee, is taxable income to the employee.

Types of group life insurance

There are three different categories for group life coverage:

Guaranteed underwriting – Automatic enrollment is granted to all eligible employees who apply. But they must meet eligibility requirements that the employer and insurance company negotiate.

Guaranteed underwriting requires little paperwork, there is no medical exam and it is issued quickly. It is usually only provided for large groups where employees cannot be denied.

To qualify for guaranteed issue, employers usually agree to a minimum percentage enrollment.

Simplified underwriting – There is no blood test or urine test, and no medical exam is required. Each applicant usually answers several health-related questions in addition to agreeing to a medical record background check.

Full underwriting – Full underwriting is usually required with small groups, with individuals or on larger face amounts. Medical exams are typically required, and a full examination is taken to satisfy the full records check requirement.

With full underwriting, it takes longer to complete the application process and not all people will qualify.

Why offer group life?

Premiums are typically quite low and that’s why employers will often offer this benefit at no cost to the employees.

It’s a great selling point when attracting new talent and retaining your employees.

Group life also benefits those employees who otherwise would not purchase life insurance on their own, either because of apathy or they may not be able to afford individual life insurance policies.

It also allows higher-risk individuals to be given life insurance coverage where they may have a harder time obtaining coverage on their own.

As a rule, experts recommend people purchase eight to 12 times their yearly wages in life insurance when working full time. If workers are young and have a long career ahead of them, experts recommend they purchase even more coverage. This is especially true for people with multiple dependents.

Health Plans Covering Fewer Drugs, Imposing More Restrictions

As prescription drug costs continue growing and pricey new pharmaceuticals add to health plans’ cost burdens, some carriers are starting to reduce the number of medications they’ll cover and are imposing new barriers to accessing the most expensive ones.

According to a new study by GoodRx, a website that helps people find discounts and rebates on prescription medications, Medicare Part D insurance companies in 2024 cover 54% of all drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, compared to 75% in 2010.

During that same time, the percentage of drugs that Medicare drug coverage plans put restrictions on rose to 50% from 25% of all FDA-approved drugs.

GoodRx notes that the statistics are likely worse for group health plans because they are not subject to the same regulations as Medicare plans are.

This trend makes it vitally important that your employees review formularies of covered medications during open enrollment to ensure they choose a health plan that covers drugs they may need for a chronic condition, or which they need to take regularly for other issues.

It’s also important that they understand how much of a certain drug their health plan will cover and what their estimated out-of-pocket costs will be, so that they can budget accordingly.

Formularies explained

The list of drugs that an insurance plan will cover or pay for is called a formulary. Pharmacy benefit managers, which health insurers contract with to manage drug costs, set these formularies, which determine how much a patient will pay out of pocket for their medication.

PBMs regularly add and remove drugs on their formularies based on their effectiveness, price, demand and available alternatives.

These formularies also dictate copays and coinsurance — the patient’s out-of-pocket costs for each drug.

Getting squeezed

The title of the GoodRx report — “The Big Pinch” — reflects the trend of the past 14 years that’s resulted in patients being pinched between high drug costs and their health plans’ limiting coverage through prior authorizations.

First, copays and coinsurance have been increasing since 2010, usually after PBMs move certain drugs from one tier to another, according to the report. As well, more American workers are now in high-deductible health plans, which require more out-of-pocket layouts in exchange for lower premiums.

Also, a growing number of people have a separate deductible applied to prescription medications. This is referred to as a pharmacy deductible. These deductibles can be anywhere from $134 to $465 per month.

On top of it all, pharmaceuticals are getting more expensive.

Meanwhile, prior authorization rules imposed by PBMs and health plans require doctors to not only prescribe, but also justify why they are prescribing a medication, which may cause delays and make it more difficult for patients to receive drugs. In some cases, prior authorization may dissuade people from filling their prescriptions.

Eight in 10 doctors surveyed by the American Medical Association said that prior authorization leads to patients abandoning treatment.

Also, if patients encounter too many problems trying to fill a prescription, they may opt for paying out of pocket, which means absorbing the exorbitant cash price of the drug.

Help your staff pick the right plan

For workers who are healthy and young, these increasing restrictions may not have a great effect on their pocketbooks and quality of life. But for individuals with chronic conditions and other health problems that require certain medications, it’s vitally important that they are diligent and do their homework during open enrollment to ensure continued access to the medications they need.

If they want to stay in their existing plan, they need to review the formulary every open enrollment to make sure their drug is still covered. And if they are looking to change plans, they’ll need to do the same homework.

If an employee is struggling to pay for their medications, they may need to scale up to a more generous health plan, but it will likely cost them more in higher premiums in exchange for a lower deductible and/or lower copays and coinsurance. That’s the trade-off.

The worst thing is for someone to choose a plan that doesn’t cover medications they’ve come to rely on, or if their plan drops their medication.

Study Predicts 8% Group Health Plan Cost Increase for 2025

A new study predicts that group health insurance costs will jump 8% in 2025, on par with what American employers have experienced this year and in 2023.

The higher rates reflect the costs borne by health insurers, which are seeing more claims for care that was postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic and a steady rise in the cost of pharmaceuticals as more innovative and effective drugs come to market, according to the study by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Additionally, health plans have seen a surge in demand and utilization for behavioral health services, which has been hampered by a limited supply of in-network mental health professionals, who are also demanding higher reimbursement rates.

And while drug costs are rising, some of the medications may actually reduce future health care costs for those taking them. There are also new biosimilar drugs coming to market that cost a fraction of the originals.

Cost drivers

Thanks to a continuing stream of pharmaceutical breakthroughs that are saving patients’ lives and/or improving their quality of life, insurers have to make coverage decisions. Many of the new drugs are costly, but they may also reduce overall health care costs in the long run as they may reduce the need for expensive intervention and emergency treatments.

Two classes of drugs that are on health insurers’ radar in 2024 and 2025 are:

  • GLP-1 agonists (annual cost: about $11,000).Various of this category of drugs treat type 2 diabetes, and can assist with chronic weight management and may reduce secondary cardiovascular events.
    Most health plans offer coverage of GLP-1 agonists for type 2 diabetes. However, health plans won’t cover them solely for weight management, which is not considered an essential health benefit under the Affordable Care Act.
  • Central nervous system drugs (annual cost: about $22,000). This includes various drugs treating conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
    While these medications may make it difficult for health plans to manage their costs, the report notes that despite the initial cost, health plans may see reduced medical costs as patient health improves.

Mental health services are also driving costs, and they were listed among the top three inflators of drug costs by health plans surveyed for the PwC report.

While the per member per month outlays for mental health services have historically been too low to be considered a cost driver of overall medical costs, spending on mental health has jumped 50% since the pandemic. As a result, behavioral health services are accounting for a greater portion of health plan spending.

The main factors affecting costs are a significant supply and demand imbalance for behavioral health services. Health plans are competing with each other to sign on mental health providers from a pool that is not enough to satisfy demand.

Counterbalancing costs

There are three trends that could counterbalance some cost increases.

Biosimilars. — Biosimilars are biological products that are “highly similar” to and have “no clinically meaningful differences” from an existing Food and Drug Administration-approved reference product. One of the most recent drugs that has seen a flood of competing biosimilars hit the market is Humira (adalimumab), a medication that reduces the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.

One report estimates that the savings generated by biosimilars in 2022 was $9.4 billion in the United States. Another analysis performed in early 2023 projects total savings from biosimilars to range from $125 billion to $237 billion between 2023 and 2027.

Health plans are increasingly focused on reducing wasteful spending, which is forcing them to look at:

Exploring new pharmacy benefit manager models. — This is in light of continuing reports of the country’s largest PBMs actually increasing the cost of medications for payers (health plans, self-insured employers and insureds).

Integrating medical and pharmacy benefits. — An example of this is a health plan pharmacy team identifying when members haven’t picked up prescriptions, aren’t taking medications as prescribed or not refilling prescriptions on time.

Connected benefits allow for real-time medical, behavioral health and pharmacy data analysis to help maximize management of chronic conditions, close care gaps and monitor prescription use and potential interaction.

A study of its own clients by health insurer Health Care Service Corporation found that large employer groups with integrated pharmacy and medical benefits saved an average of $516 per member per year in medical costs over a three-year period.

The takeaway

As health insurance costs continue to rise, we can work with you to find health plans that will fit your and your employees’ budgets and help you look for actions to take that could have a positive effect on your rates.

Addictions Are Rising Among Workers; What Employers Can Do

According to a study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 10% of America’s workers are dependent on one substance or another.

The nation is still battling the biggest drug scourge: opioid and fentanyl. Provisional data from CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in 2023 there were an estimated 107,543 drug overdose deaths in the U.S., 81,083 of which were opioid-related. While those are shocking statistics, the majority of addicts are hooked on other drugs or alcohol, and that includes millions of American workers.

A study by the American Addiction Center found that 22.5% of respondents admitted to using drugs or alcohol during work hours. The most common substance used during working hours is cannabis.

Those who work from home at least part of the time are more likely overall to abuse drugs or alcohol than those who work in offices. Overall, people who work from home part-time or full-time are about 10% more likely than people who work full-time in offices to get drunk at work.

As an employer, the costs are great if you have someone on staff who has a substance-abuse problem. Workers with addictions to drugs are alcohol have:

  • Lower or lack of workplace productivity;
  • Higher health care costs;
  • Increased absenteeism and presenteeism;
  • Diminished quality control;
  • More disability claims;
  • Increased workplace injuries;
  • Lower morale;
  • Higher job turnover; and
  • Employee theft.

How your health plan can help

If you have an Affordable Care Act-compliant health plan, it will offer access to mental health and substance abuse treatment, which is considered one of 10 essential benefits plans must offer.

The ACA requires health plans to pay for prevention and early intervention as well for substance abuse issues. 

Health care plans also have to comply with a “parity” law, which requires them to treat mental health issues the same way they do physical diseases. Since the COVID-19 pandemic demand for mental health services has soared, straining both providers of those services and the health plans.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2024 also started requiring all ACA-compliant health plans to contract with at least one substance use disorder treatment center and one mental health facility in every county where they are available in the plan’s service area.

What else can you do?

Some employers have tried to help employees tackle their addictions or abuse problems by implementing workplace prevention, wellness and disease-management strategies. These programs improve health, which lowers health care costs and insurance premiums and produces a healthier, more productive workforce.

Considering offering an employee assistance program. These programs offer temporary free access (typically a set amount of sessions) to a number of services like counseling as well as substance abuse assistance. These sessions are confidential and the employer will not know if an employee is accessing them.

Consider offering more accessible substance use management solutions, like digital and telehealth-based solutions. There are a growing number of these types of service providers, which make accessing counselors more convenient and cost-effective.

Offer confidential screenings and assessments. There are a number of screening, brief-intervention and referral-to-treatment modules available to help people confront their drinking or drug use and get the help they need. 

Helping Your Employees Get the Most out of Their Health Plans

Every year employees across the country choose the wrong group health plan from their employer because they don’t understand the coverage and what type of plan is best for their circumstances.

This ends up costing them hundreds if not thousands of dollars in unnecessary medical and premium outlays each year. But you can help them avoid leaving money on the table by educating them with helpful materials and a process that lets them find the plan that is best for their life circumstances.

The 2023 “Aflac WorkForces Report” found that while 51% of employees have a solid understanding of their total annual cost for health care coverage and care, just 39% have a full understanding of their health insurance policy. Additionally, 30% of employees say they need more information surrounding their benefits.

To help your staff choose the plan that best fits them requires an educational effort and outreach, but it should not consume all of your time. Sometimes shorter presentations, resources in print and electronic formats, followed by individual assistance in helping staff pick the right plan is the best approach.

By giving your communications strategy a boost, you can improve employee confidence in their benefits decisions and save a lot of money and headaches along the way.

Educating employees

Don’t inundate your staff with educational materials that get bogged down in jargon and that are long and complicated. Often clear and concise materials are best, especially ones that use bullet points and infographics.

Benefits experts caution that human resources personnel should not go too far into the weeds in terms of being technical. Instead, provide bite-sized chunks of information that can help them whittle down their choice to a few plans.

The materials should give different scenarios for workers to help them decide on a plan. The documents can point them towards the right type of plan depending on their life circumstances, like:

  • A 27-year-old single female employee with no health problems, spouse or dependents.
  • A 46-year-old married father of three young kids.
  • A 58-year-old divorced woman with high blood pressure and asthma.

One thing that can really help your employees is an online calculator. Most health plans today offer these tools to help employees figure out which plans being offered best fit their needs. They plug in some simple details and the calculator will evaluate all of the plans on offer and recommend which one works best for them.

The tool compares out-of-pocket expenses, copays, coinsurance and premium costs in order to whittle down the plans. Some will even look for plans with the enrollee’s family doctor.

If the calculator doesn’t include this last feature, the employee should take it upon themselves to check before committing to a plan.

Here are the most important items that your workers should be considering:

Their family doctor(s)

Even if you are offering the same plans as last year, it’s a good idea to tell your employees to check the plan to see if their personal physician or their kids’ pediatricians are on the list of providers. Health plans make changes every year, so it’s important to check.

Getting the financial balance right

This is important as some people end up spending more up front on higher premiums in exchange for lower out-of-pocket maximums and/or deductibles. But for a young, healthy person that rarely visits the doctor, that may not be the best option and they may be unnecessarily spending too much on premiums for overly generous benefits they may not even use.

You should ask your employees to look at the deductible they had in the last year and see if they reached it. Then:

  • If they did not, they should consider reducing their premiums in exchange for a higher deductible.
  • But if they surpassed the deductible or came close, paying more for a plan with a lower deductible might save them money overall. If this is the case, they should also look into the plan’s cost-sharing (copays and coinsurance) rules for medical expenses that kick in beyond the deductible.

Besides that, the deductible levels, copays and coinsurance levels must also be considered. They should understand how much they can be out of pocket.

Worst-case-scenario calculation

It’s important that your employees understand the implications for them if they suffer a medical crisis.

For a full perspective, they can:

  • Calculate the total premium they will pay for the entire year (their monthly premium contribution x 12), and
  • Add the out-of-pocket maximum for the plan.

The total is how much they would have to pay overall if they suffered a medical crisis.

One last thing…

Finally, you should consider offering your workers a package of other voluntary benefits that will help fill any gaps in their main health coverage.

Supplemental plans you should be offering include accident, critical illness, or long-term care coverage should they have an unexpected accident or serious illness.

Voluntary Benefits Demand Surges as Employees Seek to Defray Costs

Sales of voluntary group benefits grew at a record pace in 2023 as more employers expand their offerings and demand continues booming as employees seek out benefits that can defray costs, according to new research.

Premiums collected for employer-sponsored voluntary benefits jumped 6.7% during the year to an aggregate $9.3 billion, with all lines of coverage contributing to the growth, according to the Eastbridge Consulting Group’s annual “U.S. Voluntary/Worksite Sales Report”.

The findings underscore the value that employees place on these benefits, particularly in defraying health care-related costs.

According to the report, in 2023:

  • Group term life insurance premiums increased 10% from the 2022 level.
  • Group universal life and whole life were up 9%.
  • Critical illness insurance premiums were up 7%.
  • Hospital indemnity premiums were 6% higher.
  • Dental coverage was up 5%.
  • Short-term disability coverage was up 4%.
  • Accident insurance rose 4%.

The biggest driver: personal finances

One of the main drivers of this surge in employee uptake of voluntary benefits is that they can often defray expensive and sudden expenses.

With the increase of high-deductible health plans and the resulting potential high out-of-pocket expenses workers may face, they are gravitating towards products that can provide much-needed cash in case of an unexpected event. These include many of the benefits that have seen strong sales growth in the last few years:

Accident insurance — This coverage provides a lump-sum cash payment to an individual due to an event covered under the policy. The funds can be used as needed to help cover things like deductibles, out-of-pocket medical costs or everyday living expenses.

Critical illness insurance — This provides a lump-sum payment or monthly payments to help cover expenses if a policyholder is diagnosed with a serious illness covered by the policy. This type of insurance supplements their existing health insurance and is designed to help them focus on recovery instead of costs.

Hospital indemnity — Hospital indemnity insurance supplements existing health insurance coverage by helping pay expenses for hospital stays. Depending on the plan, the insurance gives the policyholder cash payments to help pay for the added costs that may arise while they recover.

Other products that help policyholders save money include dental and vision insurance, pet insurance (in the face of massive increases in veterinary costs), income protection and telemedicine services.

The takeaway

There are a number of other voluntary benefits that employers can offer, but the above are the ones that directly can help your employees if medical bills hit unexpectedly.

Premiums for these various coverages are either paid by the employer, split between the employer and employee or solely paid by the worker. Arrangements will vary between employers. Premiums are often reasonable.

More importantly, these coverages offer peace of mind that in the event of an accident or illness, the related expenses won’t break the bank.

New Fiduciary Rule Affects Employers That Offer HSAs

The Department of Labor’s new fiduciary rule, which mainly applies to 401(k) plans, will also affect employers who offer their staff health savings accounts.

The new rule, which takes effect September 2024, bars employers from providing advice to their workers on how they should invest the funds in the HSA they offer. It should be noted that just offering an HSA does not, in and of itself, make a sponsoring employer a fiduciary, as long as the employer doesn’t cross the investment advice line.

While HSAs are used to save for medical costs in the future, account holders can invest the funds in them just like they can with 401(k) plans and allow those returns to accrue over the years. HSAs are also portable, meaning they can be moved from one employer to the next, and they can be kept until retirement years.

Since HSAs were established 20 years ago, they have typically been exempt from ERISA, but this new rule changes that.

The rule states that a fiduciary may not receive a fee in connection with providing investment advice, which could occur when, for example, an individual recommends an HSA investment, investment strategy or rollover and receives a commission.

More importantly for employers, the new rule expands the definition of fiduciary advice to cover a one-time recommendation. 

Investment education

That doesn’t mean that employers can’t educate their workers on the features of their HSAs. That’s because under current Department of Labor regulations, there has been a long-standing exception from fiduciary status if an individual or organization is providing “investment education.”

For example, employers may provide a wide range of information about the HSA program they offer, including the types of investments account holders have access to, without assuming fiduciary status. Topics that do not create a fiduciary relationship include information about:

  • The benefits of participation,
  • The benefits of increasing contributions,
  • Investment fund strategies and objectives, and
  • Fees and expenses.

To avoid fiduciary status, you simply should refrain from recommending how employees invest their HSA funds.

You should also check to see if your HSA provider offers investment advice regarding your employees’ accounts. If you have concerns, please reach out to us.

Gen Z Workers Go for HDHPs, but Don’t Forget Your Other Employees

While the number of U.S. workers choosing high-deductible health plans has leveled off during the last two years, uptake has been growing rapidly among one segment of the working population: Gen Z employees.

The 2024 “State of Employee Benefits Report” by benefits administration provider Benefitfocus found that 45% of Gen Z workers and 43% of millennial workers surveyed were enrolled in HDHPs. The report notes 84% of employers offer both HDHPs and traditional health plans to ensure that they can met the needs of a multi-generational workforce.

It emphasizes that employees often choose health plans that will end up costing them more than it should in terms of out-of-pocket expenses or premiums, and that employers should help by providing assistance and education.  

Study findings

The trend of more Gen Z workers gravitating to HDHPs makes sense, since these plans are best suited for younger individuals who are generally healthier and have fewer health problems than their older counterparts — Gen Xers and Baby Boomers.

HDHPs feature higher deductibles and more out-of-pocket expenses in exchange for lower premiums upfront. The plans are typically tied to a health savings account (HSA), which employees can fund with pre-tax dollars to reimburse for health-related expenses.

But employers are cautioned against offering just HDHPs as they are not a good fit for everyone, particularly those who are regular users of their health plans or have chronic conditions that require more doctors’ visits, medical procedures and medications.

The study suggests that employers should offer a mix of plans that will meet the needs of their workforce. It found that:

  • 64% of health plan enrollees selected a traditional plan in plan year 2024, compared to 69% in 2022.
  • Across generations, higher-salaried individuals choose HDHPs over traditional plans.
  • Generation X has the highest premiums compared to other generations, across all plans.
  • The average employer covers 78% of their employees’ health insurance premiums, up from 74% in 2022. Despite the increase, employees are still facing higher premium outlays.
  • Participation in HSAs and flexible spending accounts fell 20% from 2022 to 2024, indicating that employers are not doing enough to educate their staff about these tax-advantaged accounts.

One of the keys to a successful employee benefits program is to ensure that your workers are all choosing a plan that is best for their life situation. Choosing the wrong plan could end up costing them more in either:

  • Upfront premiums for an unnecessary expensive plan with strong benefits that the employee may not use because they are young and/or healthy, or
  • Out-of-pocket expenses if they choose a plan that has a high deductible when they are frequent users of medical services, either due to pre-existing conditions or other issues that crop up later in life.

What you can do

The report recommends that employers:

Focus on assistance and education — The study found that 70% of workers want help from their employer to better understand the employee benefits they are enrolled in or are considering.

To help your staff choose the plan that’s going to give them the most bang for their buck, your guidance and advice can be crucial. During your educational sessions, provide scenarios of how choosing the wrong plan can financially burden an enrollee. Provide tools that can help them ascertain which plan is right for them.

Offer a mix of plans — To ensure that employees have access to the health plan that is best for their health circumstances and budget, you should offer a mix of HDHPs and traditional health plans like health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations.

You can tailor your employee benefits educational sessions to each generation. Make sure not to overgeneralize, as there are instances when a younger person should be in an HMO or PPO.

Offer voluntary benefits — Not all voluntary benefits are created equal, and some add more value than others. These plans complement an existing health insurance plan by providing a financial backstop when faced with an unexpected medical emergency. They include:

  • Accident insurance
  • Critical illness/specified disease insurance, and
  • Hospital indemnity insurance.

As well, benefits that help with other unexpected expenses that life deals increasingly burdened employees, are growing in popularity:

  • ID theft protection,
  • Legal insurance, and
  • Pet medical insurance.

Addictions Are Rising Among Workers; What Employers Can Do

According to a study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 10% of America’s workers are dependent on one substance or another.


The nation is still battling the biggest drug scourge: opioid and fentanyl. Provisional data from CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in 2023 there were an estimated 107,543 drug overdose deaths in the U.S., 81,083 of which were opioid-related. While those are shocking statistics, the majority of addicts are hooked on other drugs or alcohol, and that includes millions of American workers.


A study by the American Addiction Center found that 22.5% of respondents admitted to using drugs or alcohol during work hours. The most common substance used during working hours is cannabis.

Those who work from home at least part of the time are more likely overall to abuse drugs or alcohol than those who work in offices. Overall, people who work from home part-time or full-time are about 10% more likely than people who work full-time in offices to get drunk at work.

As an employer, the costs are great if you have someone on staff who has a substance-abuse problem. Workers with addictions to drugs are alcohol have:

  • Lower or lack of workplace productivity;
  • Higher health care costs;
  • Increased absenteeism and presenteeism;
  • Diminished quality control;
  • More disability claims;
  • Increased workplace injuries;
  • Lower morale;
  • Higher job turnover; and
  • Employee theft.

How your health plan can help

If you have an Affordable Care Act-compliant health plan, it will offer access to mental health and substance abuse treatment, which is considered one of 10 essential benefits plans must offer.


The ACA requires health plans to pay for prevention and early intervention as well for substance abuse issues. 

Health care plans also have to comply with a “parity” law, which requires them to treat mental health issues the same way they do physical diseases. Since the COVID-19 pandemic demand for mental health services has soared, straining both providers of those services and the health plans.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2024 also started requiring all ACA-compliant health plans to contract with at least one substance use disorder treatment center and one mental health facility in every county where they are available in the plan’s service area.


What else can you do?

Some employers have tried to help employees tackle their addictions or abuse problems by implementing workplace prevention, wellness and disease-management strategies. These programs improve health, which lowers health care costs and insurance premiums and produces a healthier, more productive workforce.

Considering offering an employee assistance program. These programs offer temporary free access (typically a set amount of sessions) to a number of services like counseling as well as substance abuse assistance. These sessions are confidential and the employer will not know if an employee is accessing them.

Consider offering more accessible substance use management solutions, like digital and telehealth-based solutions. There are a growing number of these types of service providers, which make accessing counselors more convenient and cost-effective.

Offer confidential screenings and assessments. There are a number of screening, brief-intervention and referral-to-treatment modules available to help people confront their drinking or drug use and get the help they need. 

HRA Gym Cost Reimbursement? Not So Fast Says IRS

The IRS has issued a new bulletin, reminding Americans that funds in tax-advantaged medical savings accounts cannot be used to pay for general health and wellness expenses.

The bulletin focuses on medical savings accounts that employers will often sponsor, including flexible spending accounts (FSAs), health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs), which are funded by employees’ untaxed earnings.

These accounts are only to be used for qualified, legitimate medical expenses, like out-of-pocket costs for medical services, prescription medications and medical hardware.

The IRS said that it had issued the bulletin due to concerns about companies misrepresenting the circumstances under which food and wellness expenses can be paid or reimbursed through one of these accounts.

IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel said some companies behind these plans are employing aggressive marketing tactics that suggest that these accounts can pay or reimburse for things like food for weight loss, “when they don’t qualify as medical expenses.”

Mistaken claims

Some companies mistakenly claim that notes from doctors based merely on self-reported health information can convert non-medical food, wellness and exercise expenses into medical expenses, but this documentation actually doesn’t, according to the IRS.

Such a note would not establish that an otherwise personal expense satisfies the requirement that it be related to a targeted diagnosis-specific activity or treatment; these types of personal expenses do not qualify as medical expenses.

These accounts can only reimburse for services, prescription drugs and hardware that alleviate or prevent a physical or mental defect or illness.

The IRS maintains examples of what these plans can reimburse for, and it has a set of frequently asked questions on its website to address any confusion. The essence of what is reimbursable comes down to whether it’s a qualified medical expense.

Some examples of what HRAs, HSAs and FSAs may or may not cover include:

Gym memberships: You cannot be reimbursed for membership fees if you joined the gym for general health, as it’s not a medical expense.

However, you can seek reimbursement if the membership was purchased for the sole purpose of affecting a structure or function of the body (such as a prescribed plan for physical therapy to treat an injury) or the sole purpose of treating a specific disease diagnosed by a physician (such as obesity, hypertension or heart disease).

Food or beverages purchased for weight loss or other health reasons: The costs can be reimbursed only if:

  • The food or beverage doesn’t satisfy normal nutritional needs,
  • The food or beverage alleviates or treats an illness, and
  • The need for the food or beverage is substantiated by a physician.

If any of the three requirements is not met, the cost of food or beverages is not a medical expense.

Exercise for the improvement of general health: If you are paying for swimming, dance or kayaking lessons, the costs cannot be reimbursed by these accounts, even if a doctor recommends it, because these activities are only for the improvement of general health.

Nutritional counseling or a weight-loss program: This is a qualified medical expense only if it treats a specific disease diagnosed by a physician (such as obesity or diabetes).

Smoking cessation: The cost of a smoking cessation program is a qualified medical expense because the program treats a disease (tobacco-use disorder).

The takeaway

If you offer HSAs, HRAs and/or FSAs to your staff, you may want to consider sharing the IRS bulletin with them so they understand what they can seek reimbursement for. If they are being reimbursed for non-medical items and services, they may run afoul of federal tax law.

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